Paraponyx fluctuosalis Zeller, [1852]; PED 3

• 1

  Taxonomy

  
  

  The holotype of Nymphula fluctuosalis Zeller, 1852: 27 is from Sri Lanka. Comb. n. to Parapoynx (Zimmerman 1958: 267).
  
  Syn. Paraponyx [sic] linealis Guenée, 1854: 271 TL East Indies (Shaffer et al., 1996);
  
  syn. Oligostigma chrysippusalis Walker 1859 TL China (Shaffer et al., 1996);
  
  syn. Oligostigma obitalis Walker, 1859c: 432 TL Sri Lanka (Shaffer et al., 1996);
  
  syn. Oligostigma curta Butler, 1879: 17. TL Hawaii. (Shaffer et al., 1996);
  
  syn. Nymphula luteivittalis Mabille, 1880: 26. TL Madagascar (Shaffer et al., 1996);
  
  syn. Paraponyx [sic] oryzalis Wood-Mason, 1885 TL Burma (Shaffer et al., 1996).
  
  syn Hydrocampa rugosalis Möschler, 1890: 318. TL Portorico [Puerto Rico], syn. n. (Speidel & Mey, 1999)

• 2

  Description

  
  

  Wing length: 7mm. A distinctly patterned and widespread stripy sp. which may prove to be a complex. Sheppard et al., (1995: 7) report it as confused with P. stagnalis Zeller, although it is quite destinctive in appearance. The 'padi [or rice] case worm'. It is a leaf feeder on rice and causes loss of yield.

• 3

  Distribution & Habitat

  
  

  Neotropics, Africa (S, W), Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India (W. Bengal), Burma, Thailand, W. Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak, Labuan, Bali, Australia (Q), Hawaii. Philippines, Guam, China, Taiwan, Japan. Lowland ponds & lakes. Adults have been trapped in a variety of biotopes.

• 4

  Life History & Pest Status

  
  

  Larvae feed on Poacea [Graminae] and aquatic weeds especially Hydrilla spp.. Worldwide adventive with water plants.

• 5

  Similar spp.

  
  

  No content available.

• 6

  Unrelated Look-alikes

  
  

  No content available.

• 7

  References

  
  

  Butler, A. G., (1879) On heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in the Hawaiian Islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn., Ent. mon. Mag. 15: 269-273.
  
  Möschler, H. B., (1890) Die Lepidopteren-Fauna der Insel Portorico. Abh. Senck naturforsch. Ges., 16: 69-360, 2 pls.
  
  Mabille, P., 1880. Diagnoses Lepidopterum Malgassicorum. Ann. Soc. entomol. Belg. 23: xvi-xxvii.
  
  RTS (1994): 165, pl.28, fig.9.
  
  Walker, F. (1859c). Pyralides. In; List Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. B. M., Cat. Lepid. Heterocera. 17: pp. i-iiv, 255-508.
  
  Wood-Mason, J. (1885) Some account of the 'Palan byoo' or 'Teindoung bo' (Paraponyx [sic] oryzalis), A lepidopterous insect - pest of the rice-plant in Burma which in the caterpillar stage breathes water by means of tracheal-gills: 1-12, pl. 1, figs 1-3. The Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta.
  
  Zeller, P. C., (1852) Lepidoptera Microptera, quae J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terrae collegit. 120 pp. Stockholm.
  
  Zimmerman, E. C. (1958) Insects of Hawaii: Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea 8: 456 pp. Univ. of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

• 8

  Genitalia

  
  

  No content available.

• 9

  DNA Barcode

  
  

  No content available.

• 10

  3D Imaging

  
  

  No content available.

• 11

  Spare

  
  

  No content available.

KEY TO TABS
(1) Taxonomy, (2) Description, (3) Distribution & Habitat, (4) Life History & Pest Status, (5) Similar spp., (6) Unrelated Look-alikes, (7) References, (8) Genitalia, (9) DNA Barcode, (10) 3D Imaging, (11) Spare