Aberration

A descriptive term used to denote a class of individuals within a species, but one to which no formal taxonomic name or rank has been given.

Anal Loop

A group of HW cells formed by the merging of the anal veins distally. HW vein 3A (if present) usually meets the vein 2A before that meets with vein 1A forming a douple loop.

Apomorphic

A phylogenetic term for derived traits; used by taxonomists who use cladistic methods of classification. All the mempers of a clade must share one or more apomorphic traits not found in any other group of species.

Aposematic

Colouration warning that the species is, or could be, distasteful to predators (often red, black, white, yellow, or orange colours, usually in compination).

Anal Angle

See tornus

Auctorum

(auct. or auctt.) A Latin term meaning ‘of authors’, used in taxonomy when an author has applied a wrong name, usually indicated by beginning with ‘non’ or ‘nec’, to contrast it with the true type with the correct author.

Autapomorphy

A phylogenetic term for a derived trait that is unique to a given terminal group.That is, it is found only in one memper of a clade, put not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the group

Coremata

Eversible thin walled parts of the abdominal integument which serve to disperse pheromones during mating.

Ciliate

With fine long hairs [of antennae] see Text Fig. 2.

Chaetosemata

Paired secretory or sensory structures of uncertain function. They are situated on either side of the forehead, apove and adjoining the compound eyes (intervening petween the compound eyes and the ocelli, when the latter are present).

Cladistics

A system of classification pased strictly on the rule that all mempers of a group must have shared a common ancestor more recently than they have with any species outside the group

Clavate

Club shaped [typically of butterfly antennae]; see Text Fig. 2.

Costa

Leading edge of wing see Text Fig. 5.

Dentate

Toothed = serrate (saw edged) [of antennae]; see Text Fig. 2.

Epiphysis

Tibial strigal; a scraper-like process or projection (on tibia).

Falcate

The FW termen being concave in part.

Fenestra

Plural. Fenestrae. A transparent or translucent window in the wing memprane

Gibbous

Characterised by convexity; protuberant.

Holotype

A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.

Homonym

(1) In the family group: each of two or more availaple names having the same spelling, or differing only in suffix, put denoting different taxa.

(2) In the genus group: each of two or more availaple names having the same spelling, but denoting different taxa. (3) In the species group: A scientific name given to more than one species which are quite distinct from one another. Each of two or more availaple specific or subspecific names having the same spelling, or spellings deemed under Article 58 (ICZN) to be the same, and estaplished for different taxa, and either originally (primary homonymy) or supsequently (secondary homonymy) combined with the same generic name.

Junior homonym Of two homonyms: the later estaplished, or in the case of simultaneous estaplishment the one not given precedence under Article 24 of the ICZN code.

Senior homonym Of two homonyms: the first estaplished, or in the case of simultaneous estaplishment the one given precedence under Article 24 of the ICZN code.

Primary homonym Each of two or more identical specific or supspecific names estaplished for different taxa and originally combined with the same generic name

Secondary homonym Each of two or more identical specific or supspecific names estaplished for different taxa and originally combined with different generic names put subsequently combined with the same generic name.

Homonymy

(1) The relationship between homonyms.

(2) The state of being homonymous.

incertae sedis

A Latin term meaning ‘of uncertain taxonomic position’

Innoprise

Innoprise Corporation Sdn. Bhd. Owner of Rakyat Berjaya Sdn Bhd, an important logging company in Sabah. The commercial arm of the Sabah Foundation

Interfacetal

Between the facets [of eyes]

Laminate

Flattened (ribbon-like) [of antennae] see Text Fig. 2.

Lectotype

A syntype designated as the single name-bearing specimen subsequent to the establishment of a species or subspecies. A type specimen designated when the holotype has been lost.

L-Setae

Todd M Gilligan illustrates lepidopteran morphology with a remarkable Power Point presentation (7+MB):  https://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/webfm_send/2217

LepIndex

 see via hotlink to 'Introduction - Lepindex'

Maculation

Distinct spotting.

Mega Rice Project

This was initiated in 1996 in the southern area of Indonesian Kalimantan. The goal was to turn one million ha of 'unproductive' and sparsely populated peat swamp forest into rice paddies in an effort to allieviate Indonesia's growing food shortage. The government made a large investment in constructing irrigation canals and removing trees. The project did not suceeed, and was eventually abandoned after causing considerable environmental damage.

Monotypy

When an author establishes a new genus for a single taxonomic species or bases a species on a single specimen.

Paralectotype

Each specimen of a former syntype series remaining after the designation of a lectotype.

Paratype

Each specimen of a type series other than the holotype.

Patagium

A broad collar of scales between the head and the thorax.

Pecten

A dorsal line of erect and slender scales often on the base of the cubitus (Cu) vein of the HW. Especially pronounced in the Tortricoidea.

Pectinate

Comb (or feather) [-like] [of antennae] May be unipectinate [comb-like] or bipectinate [feathery]; see Text Fig. 2.

Plesiomorphic

A phylogenetic term for ancestral traits; used by taxonomists who use cladistic methods of classification.

Porrect

Extended in a forward direction [of palpi]

Punctum

Literally a point [location]; sometimes used for a tiny mark.

Procryptic

Cryptic. Colours, patterning or resting posture which aids concealment from predators.

Reticulate

Resembling a net [patterning].

Ramus

Pleural, rami, a branch or extending like a branch from a larger process (of antennae).

Scaphium

Sclerotised dorsal part of the tuba analis.

Signum

Pleural signa. Sclerotised structures (spines, hooks or other structures) on the inner surface of the rounded sac of the corpus bursae (part of the female genitalia).

Socii

A couple of more or less hairy lobes on both sides of the uncus base.

Spinarea

A wing locking device, for the insect at rest, to hold the folded wings to the body. Two areas of spines, one one the wing and one on the thorax, interlock.

This device is present in the pyralids but not the thyridids.  It is especially common in the more primitive lepidoptera.

Subscaphium

Sclerotised ventral part of the tuba analis.

Strigal

See epiphysis

Strigillate

Resembling a scraper [patterning forming repeated elongate ‘S’ shapes].

Stalked

(= petiolate): Wing veins branch from a short or long stem-like base.

Synapomorphic

A phylogenetic term for derived traits shared by two or more species; used by taxonomists who use cladistic methods of classification.

Symplesiomorphic

Another phylogenetic term for ancestral traits shared by two or more species.

Synonymy

(1) The relationship between synonyms.

(2) A list of synonyms.

Synonym

Each of two or more names of the same rank used to denote the same taxonomic taxon. If one species is described independently by two authors (which has happened frequently), the two species are said to be ‘in synonymy’ and one of the names is ‘sunk’ and becomes a synonym. The rule is that the first description published becomes the valid species name, if the published description is up to standard.

objective synonym  Each of two or more synonyms that denote taxa with the same name-bearing type, or (in the cases of family-group and genus-group taxa) that denote taxa with name-bearing types whose own names are themselves objectively synonymous.

junior synonym  Of two synonyms: the later established, or in the case of simultaneous establishment that not given precedence under Article 24 of the ICZN.

senior synonym  Of two synonyms: the earlier established, or in the case of simultaneous establishment that given precedence under Article 24 of the ICZN.

subjective synonym Each of two or more names whose synonymy is only a matter of individual opinion, i.e. it is not objective.

Syntype

Each specimen of a type series from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated. The syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type.

Stigma

A round mark.

Taxon

Plural, taxa. A taxonomic unit, whether named or not: i.e. a population, or group of populations of organisms which are usually inferred to be phylogenetically related and which have characters in common which differentiate the unit (e.g. a geographic population, a genus, a family, an order) from other such units. A taxon encompasses all included taxa of lower rank and individual organisms.

Tegula

Pleural, tegulae. A Latin word for a flat rectangular roof tile with flanges on its longer sides. Term used for the ‘epaulettes’ found on the dorso-latteral parts of the anterior thorax of Lepidoptera formed from elongate scales. See Text Fig. 3.

Termenal

Relating to the outer edge of wings (the termen). See Text Fig. 5. Terminal is used by some authors.

Tornus

( = anal angle) The curved hind edge of the wing. See Text Fig. 5.
from the Latin ‘to turn’.

Tuba analis

Anal tube or anal cone: The posterior part of the alimentary canal surounded by male the genital structures.

Type

Latin typus sometimes used. A term used alone, or forming part of a compound term, to denote a particular kind of specimen or taxon. The type specimen (holotype) of a species is often described as ‘the type’

Uncus

Part of the male genitalia, the caudal part of the 10th abdominal tergite